A Posthuman Ecophobia Analysis of Hyperobjects in Annihilation by Vendermeer

Authors

  • Ifra Mehmood Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
  • Dr. Lubna Umar Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Keywords:

Posthuman dilemma, Ecophobia, autonomy, authority, irrational fear

Abstract

The present research analyzes Jeff Vendermeer’s Annihilation to explore the Posthuman dilemma of Ecophobia, using the thematic framework of Katherine Hayles and Simon C. Estok. The characters’ apprehensions and uncertainties are examined through Hayles’ Spectrum of Posthuman theory. The study examines how Posthuman alienation from nature has affected humans’ autonomy and authority, leading to Ecophobia. The characters’ coping mechanisms and the consequences of their actions has been evaluated for addressing the ecological, social, and psychological implications of Posthumanism and managing the anxieties and fears it brings. The study shows that Posthumanism and Ecophobia are interconnected, causing anxieties and fears among Posthumans. Ecophobia is an irrational fear, and it is a political product used to keep the masses away from reality. Further, annihilation aptly captures the postmodern dilemma of fears and anxieties. Furthermore, Vendermeer’s novel can truly be categorized as a Posthuman study of Ecophobia. Overall, this research paper provides a useful insight into Posthuman apprehensions and throws light on how they are affecting us.

References

Bennett, J. (2010). Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.

Braidotti, R. (2016). Centre for the Humanities, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands e-mail: r.braidotti@uu.nl. In D. Banerji & M. R. Paranjape (Eds.), Critical Posthumanism and Planetary Futures (pp. 21-34). Springer India. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3637-5_2

Clark, T. (2011). The Cambridge Introduction to Literature and the Environment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Clark, T. (2015). Ecocriticism on the Edge: The Anthropocene as a Threshold Concept. London: Bloomsbury Academic.

Colebrook, C. (2014). Death of the PostHuman: Essays on Extinction (Vol. 1). London: Open Humanities Press.

Goodbody, A. (2014). Ecocritical theory: Romantic roots and impulses from twentieth-century European thinkers. In L. Westling (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Literature and the Environment (pp. 61-74). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Estok, S. C. (2009). Theorizing in a Space of Ambivalent Openness: Ecocriticism and Ecophobia. Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 16(2), 203-225.

Fisher, R. M. (2017). Why Ecocriticism Now?: Pathways to the Eco-Fear Problem and Ecophobia (Technical Paper No. 66). Calgary, AB: In Search of Fearlessness Research Institute. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/110033

Fernandez-Armesto, F. (2004). So You Think You Are Human?: A Brief History of Humankind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ferrando, F. (2013). Posthumanism, Transhumanism, Antihumanism, Metahumanism, and New Materialisms: Differences and Relations. Existenz, 8(2), 26-32.

Haraway, D. (2014, May 9). Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationocene, Chthulucene: Staying with the Trouble [Lecture]. University of California, Santa Cruz.

Haraway, D. (1991). Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York and London: Routledge.

Haraway, D. (2004). The Promises of Monsters. In The Haraway Reader (pp. 63-124). New York: Routledge.

Hardt, M., & Negri, A. (2000). Empire. Harvard University Press.

Hayles, K. (1999). How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Hayles, K. (2003). Afterword: The Human in the Posthuman. Cultural Critique, 53, 134-137.

Morton, T. (2013). Posthumanities: Hyperobjects: Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Latour, B. (1993). We Have Never Been Modern. (C. Porter, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Latour, B. (1999). Pandora’s Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Latour, B. (2014). Agency at the Time of the Anthropocene. New Literary History, 45(1), 1-18.

Latour, B. (2012). Love Your Monsters. In Lovecraft, H. P. (Ed.), The Complete Fiction. (pp. 1041-1098). New York: Barnes & Noble.

Goicoechea, M. (2008). The Posthuman Ethos in Cyberpunk Science Fiction. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, 10(4), Thematic issue New Studies on the Fantastic in Literature, Ed. A. López-Varela, 2-11.

Massumi, B. (1998). Requiem for Our Prospective Dead! (Toward a Participatory Critique of Capitalist Power). In E. Kaufman & K. J. Heller (Eds.), Deleuze and Guattari: New Mappings in Politics, Philosophy, and Culture (pp. 7-28). University of Minnesota Press.

Morton, T. (2016). Dark Ecology: For a Logic of Future Coexistence. New York: Columbia University Press.

Morton, T. (2010). The Ecological Thought. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Morton, T. (2007). Ecology without Nature: Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Morton, T. (2013). Hyperobjects: Philosophy After the End of the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Shaffer, D. K. (2017). Ecophobia: Keeping hope afloat. Alive: Canada’s Natural Health and Wellbeing Magazine, (421), 109.

Robbins, P., & Moore, S. A. (2012). Ecological anxiety disorder: Diagnosing the politics of the Anthropocene. Cultural Geographies, 20(1), 3-19.

Shelley, M. (2012). Frankenstein. (J. P. Hunter, Ed.). New York: Norton.

Trexler, A. (2015). Anthropocene Fictions: The Novel in a Time of Climate Change. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

Ulsien, G. (2017). Brave New Weird: Anthropocene Monsters in Jeff VanderMeer’s The Southern Reach. Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies, 43(1), 71-96. https://doi.org/10.6240/concentric.lit.2017.43.1.05

Wang, Q. (2019). A Posthumanist Reading of "The Island of the Fay". ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1080/0895769X.2019.1623009

Westling, L. (2006). Literature, the Environment and the Question of the Posthuman. In C. Gersdorf & S. Mayer (Eds.), Nature in Literary and Cultural Studies: Transatlantic Conversations on Ecocriticism (pp. 25-49). Amsterdam: Rodopi.

Wittler, G. H. (2002). Hybridization, Plant. In R. Robinson (Ed.), Biology (Vol. 2, pp. 221-222). New York, NY: Macmillan.

Wolfe, C. (2003a). Zoontologies: The Question of the Animal. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

Wolfe, C. (2003b). Animal Rites: American Culture, the Discourse of Species, and Posthumanist Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Wolfe, C. (2010). What is Posthumanism? Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-30

How to Cite

Ifra Mehmood, & Dr. Lubna Umar. (2023). A Posthuman Ecophobia Analysis of Hyperobjects in Annihilation by Vendermeer. Pakistan Journal of Languages and Translation Studies, 11(2), 62–85. Retrieved from https://pjlts.uog.edu.pk/index.php/pjlts/article/view/85